ABOUT ORKAN<\/h1><\/div>Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Policy Ecosystem<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>![](\"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/logo-removebg-preview.png\" "\\"logo-removebg-preview\\"")
<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>PROJECT OVERVIEW<\/h2><\/div>Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) have recently become affordable and easily accessible to a wider population. This resulted in UAVs or drones being increasingly used in different fields and for different purposes. UAVs are <\/span>recognized by the military, and are actively used for example in border security surveillance activities. Civil and <\/span>business use is even more diverse. <\/span><\/p>\nOne of the most frequent cases is UAVs being used for recreational and <\/span>professional photography and video production. UAVs\u2019 entertainment potential even made it possible for racing <\/span>drone competitions and tournaments to emerge. Parcel deliveries may soon be done by drones. In agriculture, <\/span>at this very moment UAVs are used for crop tracking and even for treatments. <\/span><\/p>\nInspection of railways, roads, <\/span>electrical power lines and other infrastructure assets are also done by UAVs. In addition to these mentioned <\/span>uses, there are many other UAV applications that increase the quality and safety of our lives. However, there is <\/span>also technology abuse where UAVs can be used to violate privacy in the form of photographs or videos from <\/span>above and over the obstacles (fences). <\/span><\/p>\nAnother example of misuse is unauthorized entry into the airspace <\/span>reserved for commercial aircraft. An UAV can completely stop the operation of the entire airport, as was the <\/span>case in 2019, where Heathrow Airport was closed due to an unauthorized drone flight near the runway. A few <\/span>days later, the incident was repeated at Gatwick Airport. It has also been scientifically and experimentally <\/span>demonstrated that one drone can cause significant damage to a high-speed aircraft. <\/span><\/p>\nMany scientists are working on methods that can bring down drones by using different technologies such as: <\/span>nets, EMP wave, RF jamming, or trained falcons. This is just a temporary solution until a malicious individual <\/span>acquires a new drone and again violates rules and endangers security and privacy. Precise localization of objects <\/span>in space is an active research area that encompasses different technologies, in the area of \u200bradio localization <\/span>there are methods such as trilateration using signal strength or time of arrival. <\/span><\/p>\nThe applicability of these <\/span>methods in the location of drone facilities should be investigated, and it is the focus of this project. <\/span>A system for fast localization of intruder UAV pilots helps with the enforcement of existing legal guidelines but <\/span>also with the development of new one that are one of the results of this project. We plan on bringing a new <\/span>architecture for connected systems (drones, Internet of Things) with an emphasis on simplicity, security and <\/span>communication energy efficiency. <\/span><\/p>\nOne of the results of this project is also the constellation of drones as a <\/span>platform for scientific research. Using this platform, we plan od developing methods and algorithms for <\/span>localization of RF signals in the space with emphasis on UAV control signals. During project realization we will <\/span>apply proven practices and patterns in system design to ensure modularity and applicability in other scientific <\/span>fields after the project is completed. In addition to scientific contributions in the form of models, algorithms, <\/span>software and new protocols, this project has great potential in securing people, property and privacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY AND WORK PACKAGES<\/h2><\/div>The project methodology is based on a combination of research methods and techniques depending on the project phase and the focus of the work package. This project has a technical and social component which is a <\/span>characteristic for information sciences. The project is divided into following work packages that deal with <\/span>different aspects of drone use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>WP1<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Analysis of Legal and Ethical Aspects.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP2<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Autonomous Aircraft Market Analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP3<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Localization of the control signal source.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP4<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Drone constellation management and telemetry system.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP5<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Energy efficient communication.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP6<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Dissemination.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>Work packages 1, 2, 3, 5 are primarily implemented using literature review and analysis, and final reports. Work packages 3, 5 suggest new models, techniques and protocols. Work package 4 defines a new software model, <\/span>and the main result of its activities is a set of applications for computers, drones, and mobile devices. During the <\/span>development of software and protocols, we also define and carry out the experiment. At the end of the project, <\/span>we are conducting a final experiment in which we test the efficiency of the entire system for localizing control <\/span>signals of the pilot operating intruder drone using a drone constellation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES<\/h2><\/div>The main goal of the project is to develop a research platform consisting of a control center and a four drone constellation, then use that platform to localize the drone pilot. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>The main goal will be achieved through seven specific objectives:<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>1.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Research legal and ethical state of the art, development of risk assessment methodology.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>2.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>UAV energy efficient communication.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>3.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Create RF scanner unit for constellation UAV.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Telemetry and control system for UAV constellation management “UAV constellation control center (UCCC)”.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>5.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Signal source localization.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>6.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Development of mechanisms for autonomous, semi-autonomous or manual navigation of UAV constellation.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>7.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Measure performance of final constellation on<\/b> localizing target UAV pilot.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>This work has been fully supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2019-04-4864.<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=148"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4482,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions\/4482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Policy Ecosystem<\/h2><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>PROJECT OVERVIEW<\/h2><\/div>Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) have recently become affordable and easily accessible to a wider population. This resulted in UAVs or drones being increasingly used in different fields and for different purposes. UAVs are <\/span>recognized by the military, and are actively used for example in border security surveillance activities. Civil and <\/span>business use is even more diverse. <\/span><\/p>\nOne of the most frequent cases is UAVs being used for recreational and <\/span>professional photography and video production. UAVs\u2019 entertainment potential even made it possible for racing <\/span>drone competitions and tournaments to emerge. Parcel deliveries may soon be done by drones. In agriculture, <\/span>at this very moment UAVs are used for crop tracking and even for treatments. <\/span><\/p>\nInspection of railways, roads, <\/span>electrical power lines and other infrastructure assets are also done by UAVs. In addition to these mentioned <\/span>uses, there are many other UAV applications that increase the quality and safety of our lives. However, there is <\/span>also technology abuse where UAVs can be used to violate privacy in the form of photographs or videos from <\/span>above and over the obstacles (fences). <\/span><\/p>\nAnother example of misuse is unauthorized entry into the airspace <\/span>reserved for commercial aircraft. An UAV can completely stop the operation of the entire airport, as was the <\/span>case in 2019, where Heathrow Airport was closed due to an unauthorized drone flight near the runway. A few <\/span>days later, the incident was repeated at Gatwick Airport. It has also been scientifically and experimentally <\/span>demonstrated that one drone can cause significant damage to a high-speed aircraft. <\/span><\/p>\nMany scientists are working on methods that can bring down drones by using different technologies such as: <\/span>nets, EMP wave, RF jamming, or trained falcons. This is just a temporary solution until a malicious individual <\/span>acquires a new drone and again violates rules and endangers security and privacy. Precise localization of objects <\/span>in space is an active research area that encompasses different technologies, in the area of \u200bradio localization <\/span>there are methods such as trilateration using signal strength or time of arrival. <\/span><\/p>\nThe applicability of these <\/span>methods in the location of drone facilities should be investigated, and it is the focus of this project. <\/span>A system for fast localization of intruder UAV pilots helps with the enforcement of existing legal guidelines but <\/span>also with the development of new one that are one of the results of this project. We plan on bringing a new <\/span>architecture for connected systems (drones, Internet of Things) with an emphasis on simplicity, security and <\/span>communication energy efficiency. <\/span><\/p>\nOne of the results of this project is also the constellation of drones as a <\/span>platform for scientific research. Using this platform, we plan od developing methods and algorithms for <\/span>localization of RF signals in the space with emphasis on UAV control signals. During project realization we will <\/span>apply proven practices and patterns in system design to ensure modularity and applicability in other scientific <\/span>fields after the project is completed. In addition to scientific contributions in the form of models, algorithms, <\/span>software and new protocols, this project has great potential in securing people, property and privacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY AND WORK PACKAGES<\/h2><\/div>The project methodology is based on a combination of research methods and techniques depending on the project phase and the focus of the work package. This project has a technical and social component which is a <\/span>characteristic for information sciences. The project is divided into following work packages that deal with <\/span>different aspects of drone use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>WP1<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Analysis of Legal and Ethical Aspects.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP2<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Autonomous Aircraft Market Analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP3<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Localization of the control signal source.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP4<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Drone constellation management and telemetry system.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP5<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Energy efficient communication.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP6<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Dissemination.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>Work packages 1, 2, 3, 5 are primarily implemented using literature review and analysis, and final reports. Work packages 3, 5 suggest new models, techniques and protocols. Work package 4 defines a new software model, <\/span>and the main result of its activities is a set of applications for computers, drones, and mobile devices. During the <\/span>development of software and protocols, we also define and carry out the experiment. At the end of the project, <\/span>we are conducting a final experiment in which we test the efficiency of the entire system for localizing control <\/span>signals of the pilot operating intruder drone using a drone constellation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES<\/h2><\/div>The main goal of the project is to develop a research platform consisting of a control center and a four drone constellation, then use that platform to localize the drone pilot. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>The main goal will be achieved through seven specific objectives:<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>1.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Research legal and ethical state of the art, development of risk assessment methodology.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>2.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>UAV energy efficient communication.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>3.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Create RF scanner unit for constellation UAV.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Telemetry and control system for UAV constellation management “UAV constellation control center (UCCC)”.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>5.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Signal source localization.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>6.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Development of mechanisms for autonomous, semi-autonomous or manual navigation of UAV constellation.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>7.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Measure performance of final constellation on<\/b> localizing target UAV pilot.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>This work has been fully supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2019-04-4864.<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=148"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4482,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions\/4482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
<\/span><\/div><\/div>PROJECT OVERVIEW<\/h2><\/div>Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) have recently become affordable and easily accessible to a wider population. This resulted in UAVs or drones being increasingly used in different fields and for different purposes. UAVs are <\/span>recognized by the military, and are actively used for example in border security surveillance activities. Civil and <\/span>business use is even more diverse. <\/span><\/p>\nOne of the most frequent cases is UAVs being used for recreational and <\/span>professional photography and video production. UAVs\u2019 entertainment potential even made it possible for racing <\/span>drone competitions and tournaments to emerge. Parcel deliveries may soon be done by drones. In agriculture, <\/span>at this very moment UAVs are used for crop tracking and even for treatments. <\/span><\/p>\nInspection of railways, roads, <\/span>electrical power lines and other infrastructure assets are also done by UAVs. In addition to these mentioned <\/span>uses, there are many other UAV applications that increase the quality and safety of our lives. However, there is <\/span>also technology abuse where UAVs can be used to violate privacy in the form of photographs or videos from <\/span>above and over the obstacles (fences). <\/span><\/p>\nAnother example of misuse is unauthorized entry into the airspace <\/span>reserved for commercial aircraft. An UAV can completely stop the operation of the entire airport, as was the <\/span>case in 2019, where Heathrow Airport was closed due to an unauthorized drone flight near the runway. A few <\/span>days later, the incident was repeated at Gatwick Airport. It has also been scientifically and experimentally <\/span>demonstrated that one drone can cause significant damage to a high-speed aircraft. <\/span><\/p>\nMany scientists are working on methods that can bring down drones by using different technologies such as: <\/span>nets, EMP wave, RF jamming, or trained falcons. This is just a temporary solution until a malicious individual <\/span>acquires a new drone and again violates rules and endangers security and privacy. Precise localization of objects <\/span>in space is an active research area that encompasses different technologies, in the area of \u200bradio localization <\/span>there are methods such as trilateration using signal strength or time of arrival. <\/span><\/p>\nThe applicability of these <\/span>methods in the location of drone facilities should be investigated, and it is the focus of this project. <\/span>A system for fast localization of intruder UAV pilots helps with the enforcement of existing legal guidelines but <\/span>also with the development of new one that are one of the results of this project. We plan on bringing a new <\/span>architecture for connected systems (drones, Internet of Things) with an emphasis on simplicity, security and <\/span>communication energy efficiency. <\/span><\/p>\nOne of the results of this project is also the constellation of drones as a <\/span>platform for scientific research. Using this platform, we plan od developing methods and algorithms for <\/span>localization of RF signals in the space with emphasis on UAV control signals. During project realization we will <\/span>apply proven practices and patterns in system design to ensure modularity and applicability in other scientific <\/span>fields after the project is completed. In addition to scientific contributions in the form of models, algorithms, <\/span>software and new protocols, this project has great potential in securing people, property and privacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY AND WORK PACKAGES<\/h2><\/div>The project methodology is based on a combination of research methods and techniques depending on the project phase and the focus of the work package. This project has a technical and social component which is a <\/span>characteristic for information sciences. The project is divided into following work packages that deal with <\/span>different aspects of drone use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>WP1<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Analysis of Legal and Ethical Aspects.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP2<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Autonomous Aircraft Market Analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP3<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Localization of the control signal source.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP4<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Drone constellation management and telemetry system.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP5<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Energy efficient communication.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>WP6<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Dissemination.<\/p>\n<\/div>
<\/div><\/div><\/div>Work packages 1, 2, 3, 5 are primarily implemented using literature review and analysis, and final reports. Work packages 3, 5 suggest new models, techniques and protocols. Work package 4 defines a new software model, <\/span>and the main result of its activities is a set of applications for computers, drones, and mobile devices. During the <\/span>development of software and protocols, we also define and carry out the experiment. At the end of the project, <\/span>we are conducting a final experiment in which we test the efficiency of the entire system for localizing control <\/span>signals of the pilot operating intruder drone using a drone constellation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES<\/h2><\/div>The main goal of the project is to develop a research platform consisting of a control center and a four drone constellation, then use that platform to localize the drone pilot. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>The main goal will be achieved through seven specific objectives:<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>1.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Research legal and ethical state of the art, development of risk assessment methodology.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>2.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>UAV energy efficient communication.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>3.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Create RF scanner unit for constellation UAV.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>4.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Telemetry and control system for UAV constellation management “UAV constellation control center (UCCC)”.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>5.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Signal source localization.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>6.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Development of mechanisms for autonomous, semi-autonomous or manual navigation of UAV constellation.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>7.<\/h3><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>Measure performance of final constellation on<\/b> localizing target UAV pilot.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>This work has been fully supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2019-04-4864.<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"100-width.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-148","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=148"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4482,"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/148\/revisions\/4482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/orkan.foi.hr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=148"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Unmanned aircraft vehicles (UAV) have recently become affordable and easily accessible to a wider population. This resulted in UAVs or drones being increasingly used in different fields and for different purposes. UAVs are <\/span>recognized by the military, and are actively used for example in border security surveillance activities. Civil and <\/span>business use is even more diverse. <\/span><\/p>\n One of the most frequent cases is UAVs being used for recreational and <\/span>professional photography and video production. UAVs\u2019 entertainment potential even made it possible for racing <\/span>drone competitions and tournaments to emerge. Parcel deliveries may soon be done by drones. In agriculture, <\/span>at this very moment UAVs are used for crop tracking and even for treatments. <\/span><\/p>\n Inspection of railways, roads, <\/span>electrical power lines and other infrastructure assets are also done by UAVs. In addition to these mentioned <\/span>uses, there are many other UAV applications that increase the quality and safety of our lives. However, there is <\/span>also technology abuse where UAVs can be used to violate privacy in the form of photographs or videos from <\/span>above and over the obstacles (fences). <\/span><\/p>\n Another example of misuse is unauthorized entry into the airspace <\/span>reserved for commercial aircraft. An UAV can completely stop the operation of the entire airport, as was the <\/span>case in 2019, where Heathrow Airport was closed due to an unauthorized drone flight near the runway. A few <\/span>days later, the incident was repeated at Gatwick Airport. It has also been scientifically and experimentally <\/span>demonstrated that one drone can cause significant damage to a high-speed aircraft. <\/span><\/p>\n Many scientists are working on methods that can bring down drones by using different technologies such as: <\/span>nets, EMP wave, RF jamming, or trained falcons. This is just a temporary solution until a malicious individual <\/span>acquires a new drone and again violates rules and endangers security and privacy. Precise localization of objects <\/span>in space is an active research area that encompasses different technologies, in the area of \u200bradio localization <\/span>there are methods such as trilateration using signal strength or time of arrival. <\/span><\/p>\n The applicability of these <\/span>methods in the location of drone facilities should be investigated, and it is the focus of this project. <\/span>A system for fast localization of intruder UAV pilots helps with the enforcement of existing legal guidelines but <\/span>also with the development of new one that are one of the results of this project. We plan on bringing a new <\/span>architecture for connected systems (drones, Internet of Things) with an emphasis on simplicity, security and <\/span>communication energy efficiency. <\/span><\/p>\n One of the results of this project is also the constellation of drones as a <\/span>platform for scientific research. Using this platform, we plan od developing methods and algorithms for <\/span>localization of RF signals in the space with emphasis on UAV control signals. During project realization we will <\/span>apply proven practices and patterns in system design to ensure modularity and applicability in other scientific <\/span>fields after the project is completed. In addition to scientific contributions in the form of models, algorithms, <\/span>software and new protocols, this project has great potential in securing people, property and privacy.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> The project methodology is based on a combination of research methods and techniques depending on the project phase and the focus of the work package. This project has a technical and social component which is a <\/span>characteristic for information sciences. The project is divided into following work packages that deal with <\/span>different aspects of drone use.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> Analysis of Legal and Ethical Aspects.<\/p>\n<\/div> Autonomous Aircraft Market Analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div> Localization of the control signal source.<\/p>\n<\/div> Drone constellation management and telemetry system.<\/p>\n<\/div> Energy efficient communication.<\/p>\n<\/div> Dissemination.<\/p>\n<\/div> Work packages 1, 2, 3, 5 are primarily implemented using literature review and analysis, and final reports. Work packages 3, 5 suggest new models, techniques and protocols. Work package 4 defines a new software model, <\/span>and the main result of its activities is a set of applications for computers, drones, and mobile devices. During the <\/span>development of software and protocols, we also define and carry out the experiment. At the end of the project, <\/span>we are conducting a final experiment in which we test the efficiency of the entire system for localizing control <\/span>signals of the pilot operating intruder drone using a drone constellation.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> The main goal of the project is to develop a research platform consisting of a control center and a four drone constellation, then use that platform to localize the drone pilot. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/div> Research legal and ethical state of the art, development of risk assessment methodology.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div> UAV energy efficient communication.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div> Create RF scanner unit for constellation UAV.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div> Telemetry and control system for UAV constellation management “UAV constellation control center (UCCC)”.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div> Signal source localization.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div> Development of mechanisms for autonomous, semi-autonomous or manual navigation of UAV constellation.<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div> Measure performance of final constellation on<\/b> localizing target UAV pilot.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>SCIENTIFIC METHODOLOGY AND WORK PACKAGES<\/h2><\/div>
WP1<\/h3><\/div>
WP2<\/h3><\/div>
WP3<\/h3><\/div>
WP4<\/h3><\/div>
WP5<\/h3><\/div>
WP6<\/h3><\/div>
PROJECT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES<\/h2><\/div>
The main goal will be achieved through seven specific objectives:<\/h3><\/div>
1.<\/h3><\/div>
2.<\/h3><\/div>
3.<\/h3><\/div>
4.<\/h3><\/div>
5.<\/h3><\/div>
6.<\/h3><\/div>
7.<\/h3><\/div>
This work has been fully supported by the Croatian Science Foundation under the project IP-2019-04-4864.<\/h1><\/div><\/div><\/div>